![]() Once you give the eticket to another person, they become the customer and have the right to reserve the same seat for next year if that type of ticket is applicable and re-ups are done at that particular event. If you do, you just forward them the etickets. ![]() You can, however, sell or give your ticket to someone else. During extra busy times it might take a bit longer to get your PDF tickets.Īll tickets are non-refundable as stated on the website and before you check out. Most customers receive their PDF tickets within 3-5 business days of having placed their order. Please note that tickets are delivered to you via e-mail in PDF format which you should print out and bring with you to convention registration. For a complete list of information visit the FAQ pages: PLEASE NOTE a few of the important items. Visit the National Conference of State Legislatures website for more information. The prices at the conventions will be the same as those online. PHOTO OP RULE: No projectile toys are allowed for the safety of our patronsĪs a result of the Supreme Court Ruling during 2018 affecting online sales taxes (both state and local taxes), various states are requiring sales tax (both state and local taxes) on ANY online sales therefore, you may now start seeing a separate charge on your invoice for this sales tax. If you are sensitive to such lighting please be advised to take the necessary cautions. ![]() PLEASE BE CAREFUL!įlashes occur from phone and cameras often during stage presentations. There have been many cases of turned away folks who have bought from "scalpers" in a hallway or parking lot on the way into our conventions. Since we check every ticket at the door, photo ops and autographing we have had to turn away tickets from anyone other than those bought our box-office or website as there have been counterfeiting going on (people making copies of their scannable pre convention bought tickets). If you plan on buying your tickets at the door PLEASE make sure not to buy tickets from anyone you don’t truly know and trust. Because we have to wait for guests to give us their flight information we can not tell you in advance when these autograph sessions will occur until the convention schedule is posted at this website a few days before the event. Sometimes autographing runs into the early evening or later when guests appear late in the day. We can not, however, refund tickets for a convention admission based on a guest cancellation, beyond of course specific autograph and/or photo op tickets.įor those attending our conventions and making travel plans: please know that the majority of guests that appear on stage do so usually in the later part of the day (although that is sometimes different for actors working on a current series). ![]() In the rare case of a guest cancellation we always try to do our best to replace performers. Thanks!Īll guests are announced when contracted, and all convention contracts include clauses allowing actors to cancel if they get film and/or television work. Customer Support E-Mail: ANY problem you have please write to us at:Īnd we'll look into it and get right back to you. ![]()
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![]() Depending on the service, when a subscription period expires, another subscription period is automatically purchased. Subscriptions are services that you pay for regularly and use for a predetermined period.You can use funds in your wallet to purchase content and services in places like PlayStation™Store. We do not guarantee the functionality of all authenticator apps. You can download compatible authenticator apps from Google Play™ or the App Store. After entering your sign-in ID and password on your PS4 system, you can complete the sign-in process by allowing the app access. You can also use compatible authenticator apps. Set up and activate the 2-step verification feature.Įnter the verification code that is sent to your mobile number to sign in to PlayStation™Network if you've set up the 2-step verification feature. Specify a personalized security question and answer. Not contain three or more sequentially ordered letters or numbers (e.g.Include at least two of these character types: letter, number, symbol.Not contain letters or numbers used three or more times in a row (e.g.Not contain your sign-in ID or online ID.You'll need to enter your new password twice for verification. SecurityĬreate a password and configure other settings related to account security. When you change your email address, an email will be sent to the new email address. This option is available for child accounts when the child reaches a certain age. When you upgrade, you can experience even more of PlayStation®, free of parental control restrictions. Upgrade a child account to an adult account. You can view or edit certain account information from your PC or smartphone using (PlayStation App) or by visiting this website.For details, visit the customer support website for your country or region. The account information available to you varies depending on the country or region and the type of account.The app is added to the NOT OPTIMISED list. To add the email app to the list of non-battery-optimised apps, tap APPS and then mark the checkbox for the email app.Tap the menu button (three vertical dots) and select Battery optimisation to view a list of non-battery-optimised apps.From your Home screen, tap the Application screen icon.To remove an app from the battery optimisation list If you still experience syncing problems and you're using mobile data, enter There is no network coverage or mobile data connection in the search field to get a list of solutions from the troubleshooting article “There is no network coverage or mobile data connection”.The troubleshooting article “My Wi-Fi connection keeps dropping” will suggest a number of Wi-Fi-related solutions. If the suggested solutions don't work and you're using Wi-Fi, enter My Wi-Fi connection keeps dropping in the search field.The troubleshooting article “An app isn’t working” will suggest a number of additional possible solutions. If removing the email app from the battery optimisation list doesn't solve the problem, go to, select your Xperia™ device model, and enter An app isn’t working in the search field.If the email problem is related to an EAS account in a corporate environment, contact the IT support of your company or organisation.You may have changed your email account password using another device, but forgotten to update the password on your Xperia™ device. Make sure you use the correct email account password on your Xperia™ device.To avoid the issue, remove your email app from the list of battery-optimised apps in Settings (see instruction further down this page). ![]() Email sync problems related to EAS accounts are not caused by STAMINA mode. If the email account isn’t an Exchange ActiveSync® (EAS) account, open and refresh your email app.Verify after each action whether the problem was solved before trying the next one. To solve the problem, try these actions one after the other. One of the reasons that syncing or receiving email messages has stopped may be that STAMINA mode has been activated automatically to save battery power. You might experience that you suddenly don’t receive any email messages and that your email app has stopped syncing. ![]() ![]() ![]() Then, you can activate the alarm on myTuner by going to Settings >Clock Settings >Alarm. If you’re using an iOS device (iPhone, iPad and iPod) first make sure you enable push notifications in order for the alarm to work. Then, go to the “change password” section and fill in your email, the code you received and a new password and select “change password” and you’re done! You can also do this on our website (on the icon next to the language settings). In order to use it, just write your email and tap “Send code”. On the “Log in” menu (on iOS and Android) there is a reset option. I forgot my myTuner Radio account password what can I do? Podcasts are a type of digital media, consisting of episodic series of audio (in this case), which can be streamed or downloaded. You can listen to a 30 second sample of each song, buy it if you wish (only available for iOS and Android), or stream the songs with Apple Music service (iOS only). The “Music” menu features the most played songs/artists on the radio, in the country that you have selected, so you can always be up to date with the latest hits. When playing something, in the player menu, press the star button next to the play button. On the flag/profile picture menu, tap the “Edit” button, then tap the red sign and select delete (iOS only). For favorites on the “Home” menu you need to long-press (press and hold) your finger on the file you wish to delete (iOS and Android only). There are three ways of deleting something from favorites: How can I delete something from "Favorites"? The star button can be found next to the play button and on the stations, podcasts and music/charts lists. To add something to favorites simply tap the “star” button. On Android there is only one favorites menu and it is located inside the “Home” menu. The difference between these two is that your favorite songs are only stored on the favorites inside the flag/profile picture menu. On iOS devices (iPhone, iPad and iPod) you can find your favorites on the “Home” and on the round flag/profile picture menu. However, if your country doesn’t appear in the country’s list, it might mean that there aren’t enough radio stations associated to that country yet. We currently have more than 200 countries/territories in the app. To change your default country on the app, just tap the flag that appears on the upper right side of the screen. In case you wish to add a custom station on your device just for you, you need to go to Settings>Add new station (on iOS and Android). How can I add a custom station on myTuner Radio just for me? You can also do this on myTuner’s iOS and Android app on Settings>About>Suggest a new radio. ![]() ![]() If you are sure that the station you are looking for isn’t on myTuner Radio already, you can send us an email to – and let us know which station you’d like us to add. If you are looking for a specific station, just type the name of the station on myTuner’s search tab (e.g. If not, the app will continue to play on background. Why?īefore you leave the app, please make sure you press the “Pause” button. I leave the app and it continues to play. If you are constantly receiving the same messages, day after day, please inform us. We have a broken link (the radio station changed their live broadcast stream) The radio station only plays in a specific country/region The radio station has limited the number of users that can listen to it The radio station has a limited bandwidth You don't have a good internet connection (Wifi or 3G) This means we are having trouble to connect to the radio station that you have chosen. What does the message "Error: Try another radio" means? ![]() ![]() Workup surrounding penile fractures should include preoperative laboratory evaluation, and other studies to rule out concomitant urethral injury may be warranted. One study demonstrated 100% sensitivity along with 77.8% specificity for the identification of penile fracture by MRI. MRI, while not the most readily available test, has been shown to assist in the diagnosis and perioperative management of penile fractures. CT certainly is widely available and has been demonstrated to be helpful in identification in location and size of injury to aid surgical repair. However, if there is a significant hematoma, it may increase difficulty in the diagnosis of tunica rupture by the US. The US may show irregular defects at the site of cavernosa rupture. Ultrasound (US) is readily available in most areas however, there is some debate over its clinical utility as the actual test is operator dependent, and successful identification of injury requires specific expertise. In addition to clinical suspicion for tunica rupture, multiple imaging modalities can be useful to identify penile fractures. However, suspicion of penile fracture based on history should warrant a thorough evaluation to rule out compounded injuries, including dorsal penile vein and nerve injuries, while simultaneously correctly diagnosing the penile fracture. Ecchymotic shaft (an "eggplant" deformity)Ĭorrect identification of penile fracture is typically a clinical diagnosis.Physical exam should be comprehensive and may include the following findings: Bruising of the penis and surrounding area.Patients may report hearing a "pop" or "snap.".Often associated with an erect penis at the time of trauma.Typical historical findings commonly associated with penile fracture include the following: One study noted a disproportionately higher number of penile fractures occurring during the summer months and on weekends. As such, for all men who report urogenital trauma, penile fracture should remain in the differential regardless of sexual orientation. However, this injury can also occur in men who have sex with men (MSM) in one study, 1.8% of penile fractures were in the MSM population. Patients are typically heterosexual males, which lends to the classic teaching of penile trauma during intercourse, as described above. ![]() Penile fractures most commonly occur in middle-aged men multiple studies note that the average age of patients is between 30 and 50 years of age. This injury is isolated to persons with phenotypically male genitalia for obvious reasons. Masturbation injuries and falls landing on an erect penis are other notable causes of penile fracture. The most commonly associated sexual positions are "female superior" or "rear entry," however, one study noted that meta-analysis showed no sexual position had an increased risk. This pressure results in a tear of the tunica albuginea. This thrust results in increased pressure of the filled corpus cavernosa. The erect penis typically slips from the vagina and is thrust into either the perineum or pelvic bone. In one study, 57.2% of patients with confirmed penile fracture reported direct trauma to the erect penis during intercourse. Penile fracture is most commonly a direct result of trauma during sexual intercourse. Given the sequelae of this injury, this article will review the identification, prompt treatment, and long-term management of penile fractures. Penile fracture is considered a urological emergency. Delay in the treatment of penile fracture can lead to long-lasting sexual and anatomical dysfunction. This increased pressure, in turn, results in the rupture of the tunica albuginea. Direct trauma to an erect penis results in increased pressure in the cavernosa. ![]() Penile fracture is uncommon, but it is essential to note this specific urogenital injury. The majority of penile fractures occur with direct trauma during sexual intercourse. Describe some interprofessional team strategies for improving care coordination and communication to improve outcomes for patients affected by penile fractures.Identify management considerations for patients with a penile fracture.Review the typical presentation and physical exam findings in a patient with a penis fracture.Identify the etiology of penis fracture.This activity illustrates the evaluation and treatment of penis fractures and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in managing patients with this condition. Often the direct result of penile trauma during intercourse penis fractures has a deleterious effect on a patient's sexual health if left untreated. Penis fracture is an uncommon but severe injury. ![]() ![]() ![]() Old Oaks Country Club Membership Cost Pelham Country Club Membership Cost Richmond Country Club Membership Cost Country Club of Rochester Membership Cost Upper Montclair Country Club Membership Cost Winged Foot Golf Club Membership Cost North Carolina. ![]() Pelham Hills Club Forms Click below for 2021 Membership form: We now offer Corporate Memberships for the 2021 season. Beach Our Beach Club facilities include an 800,000 gallon saltwater pool, 1,000 feet of beach on Long Island Sound and a magnificent newly renovated promenade. The club has eleven tennis courts - two courts with synthetic grass and nine har tru/clay courts. They also provide videotaped private lessons, group programs and coordinate group outings for club members. Pelham Hills Golf & Country Club: Address, Phone Number, Pelham Hills Golf & Country Club Reviews: 3/5 We looked at NYAC awhile back and I recall it being ~$8k in annual dues for everything. capacity rate, operating income, cash flow, etc.). In the summer of 1921 an influential member named Mont Rogers formed a company to buy the land and hired noted golf architect, Devereux Emmet, to create a … Orienta Beach Club. In 1908, the Pelham Country Club was known as a small tennis club and a five-hole golf course created out in a cow pasture. Firestone Country Club Membership Cost Pelham Fish and Game Club, Inc. ![]() I had the pleasure of working alongside her at the Pelham Country Club where she proved to … No cost to join Complimentary reserve tastings for up to four guests Preferred club member pricing to Kendall-Jackson events, including Farm-to-Table dinners 25% off all wine experiences, for up to four guests Extra for Estate Club members: 4 complimentary experiences per year. Pelham Country Club was founded in 1921 and in 1923 hosted the PGA Championship (won by Gene Sarazen) on its Devereux Emmet-designed course. The more elite clubs charge as much as $20,000 for initiation and about $4,500 in yearly dues. An 18-hole course, complete with a practice area with bunkered greens. Situated in Pelham Bay Park, New York City’s largest park, Pelham Bay and Split Rock Golf Courses comprise New York City’s only 36-hole golf facility. Since fees are only issued to those who can find a sponsor, fees are generally not issued to the public. The Thomasville Rotary Club meets at the Plaza. Contact Pelham Country Club in Pelham, with weddings starting at $9,664 for 50 guests. The draws for Men’s singles and doubles, Mixed doubles and Philips Cup will be created 1 week before the start date. The Pelham Country Club has undertaken massive renovations in three major sectors of its facilities in order to attract a new membership demographic and set itself apart from the surrounding clubs, in what is considered to be a suffering industry. Reclaiming the old routing was impossible. In the winter months, paddle tennis is offered. History Pelham Country Club had its origins as a small tennis club and five-hole golf course carved out of a cow pasture in 1908. Address 940 Wynnewood Rd., Pelham Manor, NY 10803. Charles Ripley Gillett and his brother bought clubs and balls, planted cans in the ground of a cow pasture and proceeded to teach themselves the … Chair: Michael Recca 91 Join to Connect. The elegant Pelham Country Club is situated only 15 miles from Manhattan and affords it's members and guests the ideal location for special occasions, meetings and seminars. Please read our disclosure policy for more info. The South Shore Golf Course - which was taken over by Parks in the 1960s - was founded in 1930 as the Mayflower Country Club. You Don’t Have to Live in Milbrook to be a Member of Milbrook Club. New Rochelle, NY 10804 T: (914) 636.8700 Fax: (914) 636.7179 Among the other amenities is the tennis program, which offers different events and opportunities for recreation and competition. The Pelham Country Club is a family oriented Club with first rate recreational, social and dining facilities. 940 WYNNEWOOD RD PELHAM, NY 10803 Get Directions (914) 738-2730 Strong operations professional. Special events, holiday parties and outdoor barbecues invite family participation. A prominent club member, Mont Rogers, founded a company in 1921 and bought the land to build a championship golf course, designed by Devereux Emmet, who was a popular golf architect at that time. ![]() ![]() This combination made my skin feel clammy, particularly on my lower back and around my shoulders, where my pack rested. I told my colleagues that I think it wicks too well: on high-output days, any layer I wore over the R1 Air became damp in hot spots. Its hollow-core fibers did a fantastic job of sucking moisture away from my skin. The trait that makes it incredibly light (12.9 ounces in a men’s medium) and breathable-its porous structure-didn’t do much to block strong gusts of wind I still felt them bite my skin, but that was only a problem on frigid climbs when blasts of cold air were unwelcome.īut this layer’s calling card is how well it wicks sweat. I also found that breathability helpful while huffing it on long approaches-it kept my upper body dry before and upon reaching the crag. Its ability to vent heat during shoulder-season jogs and shady climbs was a highlight of my testing notes. Breathability and InsulationĪs someone who runs hot, I was comfortable in the R1 Air during most of my climbs and runs in the spring, fall, and winter. My range of motion never felt limited its polyester construction provides plenty of stretch. ![]() The hood covered my ears and cheeks, and it extended over a climbing helmet. The sleeves are close-fitting, and as a result my T-shirt base layers would occasionally bunch up in the armpits. (That’s why I preferred wearing a thin long-sleeve base layer underneath, which doesn’t ride up as much.) I was able to comfortably wear a harness on top of it, thanks to the slim cut around the torso. On me, it was tight on the forearms but less restrictive around the shoulders and chest. ![]() I wore it mainly as my outermost layer on top of a base layer, but I also wore it under a shell and warmer down jackets. I tested it in light snow, on windy alpine ridges, and during cloudless days. ![]() I wore the R1 Air Hoody for climbing and bouldering in northern New Mexico multi-pitch climbing in the Sandia Mountains trail running in Santa Fe, the Tetons, and the Front Range plus road running around town-in temperatures ranging from the low teens to the high sixties. But the R1 Air accomplished something that these other layers couldn’t do quite as well: it kept me from overheating during high-intensity activities on chilly days. I also wore other midlayers, like the Black Diamond Factor Hoody ($73) for more relaxed climbing sessions and the Mountain Hardwear Kor Strata Climb Jacket ($225) for longer alpine missions because of its warmth and harness-friendly design. It has a stretchy, abrasion-resistant outer layer that’s great for brushing up against rough rock. The R1 Air forgoes that hard exterior for a fuzzy fabric on both sides.īefore testing the R1 Air, my most frequently used midlayer also came from the R1 collection: the TechFace Hoody ($179). You have a simple tortilla on the bottom and another on top, but it’s the beans and queso and carne in between that really matter.” I couldn’t agree more, and the original R1 fleece is a favorite midlayer among uphill athletes for the beans and queso it provides: a lofted grid structure that retains heat but keeps you dry by wicking sweat, plus its shell-like outer material. What Makes a Good MidlayerĬontributor Hayden Carpenter wrote in his 2020 review of men’s midlayers that “A good layering system is like a quesadilla. After a year, it’s become one of my most used layers for moving in cold weather. ![]() I received a testing sample of the R1 Air Full-Zip Fleece Hoody ($159) in January 2020, and I’ve beaten it up on adventures across four seasons. As my colleague Ariella Gintzler wrote, its new design meant it would be “warmer yet also more breathable than any iterations before it, without sacrificing packability or the ability to keep it on all day.” At Outdoor Retailer’s 2020 winter show, Patagonia announced its new R1 Air line of layers-the first big update to its flagship fleece in two decades. ![]() ![]() It’s important to note that this approach will not allow simultaneous sessions from different machines, but it will preserve session data. This should result in faster startup times for Chrome, as less data will be copied when a user signs-on or signs-off. Then, continue using the standard Chrome user profile directory. The administrator might have to do a cleanup of older caches from the user profile folder the first time after enabling this policy as the policy does not remove the old caches. Once the policy configuration has been applied onto the machines, Chrome will start storing the cache directories into the newly defined cache folder location. This policy can be configured either via Group Policy or registry. Once the folder location has been decided, administrators need to configure the DiskCacheDir policy that relocates the cache folders. The user data directory variables can help you specify the best directory for your caches. Caches should still be in the Windows user’s directory, and keeping them in hidden directories can also reduce the risk of the cache being accidentally deleted.Įxamples of such folder shortcuts would be: The VDI administrator will need to identify a folder outside of the Chrome user profile directory where the caches will be stored. One option is for administrators to move the cache folders outside of Chrome’s user profile folder. If you can’t use Google Sync, there are a few approaches that can be used to minimize the backup size. However, there are some environments where this option isn’t suitable for technical or policy reasons. It provides the best experience for both the user and the administrator as users only need to sign in. For users, this can lead to slower startup time for Chrome.Īlthough we’ll cover different scenarios today, Google Sync is still our recommended method for syncing browser profile data between machines. This can result in an increased user profile folder backup time. ![]() VDI administrators may prefer to back up the entire Chrome user profile directory, but the more sites a user accesses, the more the size of the cache folder increases, and the number of small files in those folders can become quite large. Chrome stores all of its caches in folders in the user profile directory. ![]() This is where data is temporarily stored for faster future site loading, cookies are saved in order to provide seamless authentication on websites, extensions cache various resources, and more. Like any browser, Chrome has cache directories. For example, many ask us how to minimize backup size to speed up user log-in and log-off into the Windows environment and reduce impact on the overall user experience. As a Chrome Enterprise Customer Engineer, I often get asked by administrators of virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) environments what our best practices are for backing up user profiles. ![]() ![]() ![]() Default Folder Xĭiscounted Applaudable Price: $17.5 (50% OFF) It also has a tool to analyze and suggest data deletions which helps you clear junk files and increase the storage space. It uses colors and a circular pie graph to show your storage allocation. DaisyDisk helps analyze disk usage and free up disk space on Mac with a quick and easy-to-use interface. Its time consuming to scan through all the files to see if you want to delete or move something. Managing your storage drive and always being on track with how much available space you have can get challenging. DaisyDiskĭiscounted Applaudable Price: $5 (50% OFF) So, getting it at a discounted price would make for a great deal. It supports various formats and has secure encryption techniques that make it a must-have utility tool for everyone. It has been called the next generation of archiving and helps do a lot of stuff that you can’t simply do with the regular macOS archive tool.īetterZip 5 comes tightly integrated with macOS and also allows you to use or view documents without extracting them, which the regular macOS archive utility cant do. ![]() To put it simply, BetterZip 5 is the best archiving and encryption tool for macOS. BetterZip 5ĭiscounted Applaudable Price: $12.5 (50% OFF) So, if you’re struggling with your time management skills and need something to keep you on track, then Aeon Timeline 3 is the way to go, and with Applaudable, it is that much easier and affordable to acquire. ![]() It can also be used to make a date and time-specific order of events, and it helps create beautiful data-rich timelines that take your time management skills to the next level. It is great for making and managing a detailed order of events in a timeline. Aeon Timeline 3ĭiscounted Applaudable Price: $32.5 (50% OFF)Īeon Timeline is an app developed and designed explicitly for project management and visual timeline creations. So, here are the apps that you get in the package: 1. However, unlike regular old movies, the magic won’t wane after 2 hours. Each app is a star with various unique skills, tools, and an exciting backstory. This holiday, 12 essential apps band together to put up a great experience. Why call it “The Applaudables”Īpplaudables embody the spirit of a good movie, with vivid, expressive characters (apps) and thrilling stories. So, let’s not waste any more time and dive straight into it. It is one of the best deals on the internet and probably the smartest $75 that you will ever spend. Today we’ll be looking at a package with all the essential apps to get you started and a deal ‘ The Applaudables‘ from Unclutter team that will make your jaw drop. So, why not get all the best Mac apps within a single package? Also, how about a great deal on the price to make your holidays feel that extra bit special. However, a device is of no use without good software. If you upgraded to iStat Menus 6, but you’d like to go back to iStat Menus 5, please uninstall iStat Menus 6, then download iStat Menus 5.32 and run it to install.Just got yourself a new Mac? The recent Black Friday and Cyber Monday shopping spree was filled with offers on Macs, and it’s no surprise that people got a great deal. If you decide to return to iStat Menus 5, that’s ok. ![]() IStat Menus 6 contains a 14-day trial to see if you like the new features. The upgrade pricing is clearly visible in the update window (“Upgrade from USD$9.99”). If you purchased iStat Menus 3, 4 or 5 at any time, we offer heavily discounted upgrade pricing. If you purchased iStat Menus 5 on or after 1 July 2017, please get in touch and we’ll give you a free license for iStat Menus 6. The latest version, 5.32, is a very mature and stable application that will serve you well, should you decide to not upgrade. Lots of those updates added new features. IStat Menus 5 was released 5 August 2014 and saw many updates over its entire lifespan. This is all done to ensure iStat Menus is the best system monitor available. It’s an update that has taken many years of hard work.Įven when we’re not adding new features to iStat Menus, general maintenance requires a lot of money and effort - to add support for sensors and features in new Mac models, we typically have to purchase at least one of each model, for each generation that is released. iStat Menus 6 is a major update which adds a large number of new features. We want iStat Menus to continue to be the best and most detailed monitoring tool on macOS. ![]() ![]() In adults with type 2 diabetes, interrupting prolonged sitting with 15 min of postmeal walking ( 45) and with 3 min of light walking and simple body-weight resistance activities every 30 min ( 46) improves glycemic control. Prolonged sitting interrupted by brief (≤5 min) bouts of standing ( 40– 42) or light-intensity ambulation ( 41, 43, 44) every 20–30 min improves glycemic control in sedentary overweight/obese populations and in women with impaired glucose regulation. In people with or at risk for developing type 2 diabetes, extended sedentary time is also associated with poorer glycemic control and clustered metabolic risk ( 36– 39). Higher amounts of sedentary time are associated with increased mortality and morbidity, mostly independent of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity participation ( 31– 35). Sedentary behavior-waking behaviors with low energy expenditure (TV viewing, desk work, etc.)-is a ubiquitous and significant population-wide influence on cardiometabolic health ( 29, 30). BENEFITS OF AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR REDUCED SEDENTARY TIME Tai chi training may improve glycemic control, balance, neuropathic symptoms, and some dimensions of quality of life in adults with diabetes and neuropathy, although high-quality studies on this training are lacking ( 28). The benefits of alternative training like yoga and tai chi are less established, although yoga may promote improvement in glycemic control, lipid levels, and body composition in adults with type 2 diabetes ( 27). ![]() Group exercise interventions (resistance and balance training, tai chi classes) may reduce falls by 28%−29% ( 26). Balance training can reduce falls risk by improving balance and gait, even when peripheral neuropathy is present ( 11). Stretching increases range of motion around joints and flexibility ( 10) but does not affect glycemic control. Limited joint mobility is frequently present, resulting in part from the formation of advanced glycation end products, which accumulate during normal aging and are accelerated by hyperglycemia ( 25). Benefits of Other Types of Physical Activityįlexibility and balance exercises are likely important for older adults with diabetes. Resistance training benefits for individuals with type 2 diabetes include improvements in glycemic control, insulin resistance, fat mass, blood pressure, strength, and lean body mass ( 24). When resistance and aerobic exercise are undertaken in one exercise session, performing resistance exercise first results in less hypoglycemia than when aerobic exercise is performed first ( 23). However, resistance exercise can assist in minimizing risk of exercise-induced hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes ( 22). The effect of resistance exercise on glycemic control in type 1 diabetes is unclear ( 19). The health benefits of resistance training for all adults include improvements in muscle mass, body composition, strength, physical function, mental health, bone mineral density, insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, lipid profiles, and cardiovascular health ( 12). TYPES OF EXERCISE AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITYĭiabetes is an independent risk factor for low muscular strength ( 20) and accelerated decline in muscle strength and functional status ( 21). Prediabetes is diagnosed when blood glucose levels are above the normal range but not high enough to be classified as diabetes affected individuals have a heightened risk of developing type 2 diabetes ( 7) but may prevent/delay its onset with physical activity and other lifestyle changes ( 8). Gestational diabetes mellitus occurs during pregnancy, with screening typically occurring at 24–28 weeks of gestation in pregnant women not previously known to have diabetes. ![]() Type 2 diabetes (90%–95% of cases) results from a progressive loss of insulin secretion, usually also with insulin resistance. Although it can occur at any age, β-cell destruction rates vary, typically occurring more rapidly in youth than in adults. ![]() Type 1 diabetes (5%–10% of cases) results from cellular-mediated autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic β-cells, producing insulin deficiency ( 7). The primary types of diabetes are type 1 and type 2. Physical activity recommendations and precautions may vary by diabetes type. ![]() ![]() ![]()
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